🗣️ What Sparked the Debate?
In June 2025, the Maharashtra government introduced a revised three-language formula for Classes 1 to 5, making Hindi the default third language in Marathi- and English-medium schools. Marathi remains compulsory. However, schools can opt for another Indian language if at least 20 students request it and a qualified teacher is available. Critics argue this provision indirectly enforces Hindi.
Why the Strong Backlash?
Cultural Concerns: Maharashtra has a rich legacy of linguistic pride, rooted in movements like the 1950s Samyukta Maharashtra agitation. Many feel the new policy threatens Marathi’s cultural dominance and identity.
Political Unity Against the Policy: Prominent leaders like Raj Thackeray (MNS) and Uddhav Thackeray (Shiv Sena UBT) have come together in protest. They view the policy as part of a broader agenda to promote Hindi at the expense of regional languages.
Historical Context: The language debate resurfaced following recommendations from the Mashelkar Committee in 2022, which backed making Hindi mandatory. The state’s alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) brought these recommendations into effect.
Major Developments So Far
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Public Outcry
Politicians, cultural figures, and educationists have voiced strong opposition. A BJP MP’s derogatory remarks about Marathi speakers added fuel to the fire. -
Government Rollback
Facing mounting pressure, the government withdrew the resolutions in June. A committee, headed by economist Narendra Jadhav, was formed to review the policy. -
Incidents of Violence
There have been isolated attacks against Hindi-speaking individuals, raising concerns over rising intolerance and linguistic extremism. -
Controlled Political Messaging
Raj Thackeray instructed his party members to avoid media comments to prevent tensions from escalating. Meanwhile, some protestors have taken a firm cultural stance, emphasizing Marathi identity.
Government Response
Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis emphasized that the three-language policy under NEP is mandatory nationwide. He clarified that Marathi will remain compulsory and that schools can opt for any third language if enough students request it. Educationists have welcomed the rollback but are demanding inclusive consultations for any new language policy.
What’s Next?
The Narendra Jadhav-led committee has been given a three-month timeline to review the situation and recommend a new framework. The key challenge lies in striking a balance between regional identity and national integration.
In Summary
Maharashtra’s debate over Hindi versus Marathi highlights deeper cultural and political fault lines. While the government promotes multilingualism under NEP, many see it as a veiled attempt to push Hindi dominance. The final decision by the expert committee will be crucial in determining how Maharashtra preserves its linguistic heritage while embracing a broader educational policy.
